Data Mining and Financial Data Analysis

Data Mining and Financial Data Analysis

Introduction:

Most marketers understand the value of collecting financial data, but also realize the challenges of leveraging this knowledge to create intelligent, proactive pathways back to the customer. Data mining - technologies and techniques for recognizing and tracking patterns within data - helps businesses sift through layers of seemingly unrelated data for meaningful relationships, where they can anticipate, rather than simply react to, customer needs as well as financial need. In this accessible introduction, we provides a business and technological overview of data mining and outlines how, along with sound business processes and complementary technologies, data mining can reinforce and redefine for financial analysis.

Objective:

1. The main objective of mining techniques is to discuss how customized data mining tools should be developed for financial data analysis.

2. Usage pattern, in terms of the purpose can be categories as per the need for financial analysis.

3. Develop a tool for financial analysis through data mining techniques.

Data mining:

Data mining is the procedure for extracting or mining knowledge for the large quantity of data or we can say data mining is "knowledge mining for data" or also we can say Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD). Means data mining is : data collection , database creation, data management, data analysis and understanding.

There are some steps in the process of knowledge discovery in database, such as

1. Data cleaning. (To remove nose and inconsistent data)

2. Data integration. (Where multiple data source may be combined.)

3. Data selection. (Where data relevant to the analysis task are retrieved from the database.)

4. Data transformation. (Where data are transformed or consolidated into forms appropriate for mining by performing summary or aggregation operations, for instance)

5. Data mining. (An essential process where intelligent methods are applied in order to extract data patterns.)

6. Pattern evaluation. (To identify the truly interesting patterns representing knowledge based on some interesting measures.)

7. Knowledge presentation.(Where visualization and knowledge representation techniques are used to present the mined knowledge to the user.)

Data Warehouse:

A data warehouse is a repository of information collected from multiple sources, stored under a unified schema and which usually resides at a single site.

Text:

Most of the banks and financial institutions offer a wide verity of banking services such as checking, savings, business and individual customer transactions, credit and investment services like mutual funds etc. Some also offer insurance services and stock investment services.

There are different types of analysis available, but in this case we want to give one analysis known as "Evolution Analysis".

Data evolution analysis is used for the object whose behavior changes over time. Although this may include characterization, discrimination, association, classification, or clustering of time related data, means we can say this evolution analysis is done through the time series data analysis, sequence or periodicity pattern matching and similarity based data analysis.

Data collect from banking and financial sectors are often relatively complete, reliable and high quality, which gives the facility for analysis and data mining. Here we discuss few cases such as,

Eg, 1. Suppose we have stock market data of the last few years available. And we would like to invest in shares of best companies. A data mining study of stock exchange data may identify stock evolution regularities for overall stocks and for the stocks of particular companies. Such regularities may help predict future trends in stock market prices, contributing our decision making regarding stock investments.

Eg, 2. One may like to view the debt and revenue change by month, by region and by other factors along with minimum, maximum, total, average, and other statistical information. Data ware houses, give the facility for comparative analysis and outlier analysis all are play important roles in financial data analysis and mining.

Eg, 3. Loan payment prediction and customer credit analysis are critical to the business of the bank. There are many factors can strongly influence loan payment performance and customer credit rating. Data mining may help identify important factors and eliminate irrelevant one.

Factors related to the risk of loan payments like term of the loan, debt ratio, payment to income ratio, credit history and many more. The banks than decide whose profile shows relatively low risks according to the critical factor analysis.

We can perform the task faster and create a more sophisticated presentation with financial analysis software. These products condense complex data analyses into easy-to-understand graphic presentations. And there's a bonus: Such software can vault our practice to a more advanced business consulting level and help we attract new clients.

To help us find a program that best fits our needs-and our budget-we examined some of the leading packages that represent, by vendors' estimates, more than 90% of the market. Although all the packages are marketed as financial analysis software, they don't all perform every function needed for full-spectrum analyses. It should allow us to provide a unique service to clients.

The Products:

ACCPAC CFO (Comprehensive Financial Optimizer) is designed for small and medium-size enterprises and can help make business-planning decisions by modeling the impact of various options. This is accomplished by demonstrating the what-if outcomes of small changes. A roll forward feature prepares budgets or forecast reports in minutes. The program also generates a financial scorecard of key financial information and indicators.

Customized Financial Analysis by BizBench provides financial benchmarking to determine how a company compares to others in its industry by using the Risk Management Association (RMA) database. It also highlights key ratios that need improvement and year-to-year trend analysis. A unique function, Back Calculation, calculates the profit targets or the appropriate asset base to support existing sales and profitability. Its DuPont Model Analysis demonstrates how each ratio affects return on equity.

Financial Analysis CS reviews and compares a client's financial position with business peers or industry standards. It also can compare multiple locations of a single business to determine which are most profitable. Users who subscribe to the RMA option can integrate with Financial Analysis CS, which then lets them provide aggregated financial indicators of peers or industry standards, showing clients how their businesses compare.

iLumen regularly collects a client's financial information to provide ongoing analysis. It also provides benchmarking information, comparing the client's financial performance with industry peers. The system is Web-based and can monitor a client's performance on a monthly, quarterly and annual basis. The network can upload a trial balance file directly from any accounting software program and provide charts, graphs and ratios that demonstrate a company's performance for the period. Analysis tools are viewed through customized dashboards.

PlanGuru by New Horizon Technologies can generate client-ready integrated balance sheets, income statements and cash-flow statements. The program includes tools for analyzing data, making projections, forecasting and budgeting. It also supports multiple resulting scenarios. The system can calculate up to 21 financial ratios as well as the breakeven point. PlanGuru uses a spreadsheet-style interface and wizards that guide users through data entry. It can import from Excel, QuickBooks, Peachtree and plain text files. It comes in professional and consultant editions. An add-on, called the Business Analyzer, calculates benchmarks.

ProfitCents by Sageworks is Web-based, so it requires no software or updates. It integrates with QuickBooks, CCH, Caseware, Creative Solutions and Best Software applications. It also provides a wide variety of businesses analyses for nonprofits and sole proprietorships. The company offers free consulting, training and customer support. It's also available in Spanish.

ProfitSystem fx Profit Driver by CCH Tax and Accounting provides a wide range of financial diagnostics and analytics. It provides data in spreadsheet form and can calculate benchmarking against industry standards. The program can track up to 40 periods.

Source : http://ezinearticles.com/?Data-Mining-and-Financial-Data-Analysis&id=2752017

Importance of Data Mining Services in Business

Importance of Data Mining Services in Business

Data mining is used in re-establishment of hidden information of the data of the algorithms. It helps to extract the useful information starting from the data, which can be useful to make practical interpretations for the decision making.
It can be technically defined as automated extraction of hidden information of great databases for the predictive analysis. In other words, it is the retrieval of useful information from large masses of data, which is also presented in an analyzed form for specific decision-making. Although data mining is a relatively new term, the technology is not. It is thus also known as Knowledge discovery in databases since it grip searching for implied information in large databases.
It is primarily used today by companies with a strong customer focus - retail, financial, communication and marketing organizations. It is having lot of importance because of its huge applicability. It is being used increasingly in business applications for understanding and then predicting valuable data, like consumer buying actions and buying tendency, profiles of customers, industry analysis, etc. It is used in several applications like market research, consumer behavior, direct marketing, bioinformatics, genetics, text analysis, e-commerce, customer relationship management and financial services.

However, the use of some advanced technologies makes it a decision making tool as well. It is used in market research, industry research and for competitor analysis. It has applications in major industries like direct marketing, e-commerce, customer relationship management, scientific tests, genetics, financial services and utilities.

Data mining consists of major elements:

    Extract and load operation data onto the data store system.
    Store and manage the data in a multidimensional database system.
    Provide data access to business analysts and information technology professionals.
    Analyze the data by application software.
    Present the data in a useful format, such as a graph or table.

The use of data mining in business makes the data more related in application. There are several kinds of data mining: text mining, web mining, relational databases, graphic data mining, audio mining and video mining, which are all used in business intelligence applications. Data mining software is used to analyze consumer data and trends in banking as well as many other industries.

Outsourcing Web Research offer complete Data Mining Services and Solutions to quickly collective data and information from multiple Internet sources for your Business needs in a cost efficient manner.

Sourec : http://ezinearticles.com/?Importance-of-Data-Mining-Services-in-Business&id=2601221

Data Extraction - A Guideline to Use Scrapping Tools Effectively

Data Extraction - A Guideline to Use Scrapping Tools Effectively

So many people around the world do not have much knowledge about these scrapping tools. In their views, mining means extracting resources from the earth. In these internet technology days, the new mined resource is data. There are so many data mining software tools are available in the internet to extract specific data from the web. Every company in the world has been dealing with tons of data, managing and converting this data into a useful form is a real hectic work for them. If this right information is not available at the right time a company will lose valuable time to making strategic decisions on this accurate information.

This type of situation will break opportunities in the present competitive market. However, in these situations, the data extraction and data mining tools will help you to take the strategic decisions in right time to reach your goals in this competitive business. There are so many advantages with these tools that you can store customer information in a sequential manner, you can know the operations of your competitors, and also you can figure out your company performance. And it is a critical job to every company to have this information at fingertips when they need this information.

To survive in this competitive business world, this data extraction and data mining are critical in operations of the company. There is a powerful tool called Website scraper used in online digital mining. With this toll, you can filter the data in internet and retrieves the information for specific needs. This scrapping tool is used in various fields and types are numerous. Research, surveillance, and the harvesting of direct marketing leads is just a few ways the website scraper assists professionals in the workplace.

Screen scrapping tool is another tool which useful to extract the data from the web. This is much helpful when you work on the internet to mine data to your local hard disks. It provides a graphical interface allowing you to designate Universal Resource Locator, data elements to be extracted, and scripting logic to traverse pages and work with mined data. You can use this tool as periodical intervals. By using this tool, you can download the database in internet to you spread sheets. The important one in scrapping tools is Data mining software, it will extract the large amount of information from the web, and it will compare that date into a useful format. This tool is used in various sectors of business, especially, for those who are creating leads, budget establishing seeing the competitors charges and analysis the trends in online. With this tool, the information is gathered and immediately uses for your business needs.

Another best scrapping tool is e mailing scrapping tool, this tool crawls the public email addresses from various web sites. You can easily from a large mailing list with this tool. You can use these mailing lists to promote your product through online and proposals sending an offer for related business and many more to do. With this toll, you can find the targeted customers towards your product or potential business parents. This will allows you to expand your business in the online market.

There are so many well established and esteemed organizations are providing these features free of cost as the trial offer to customers. If you want permanent services, you need to pay nominal fees. You can download these services from their valuable web sites also.

Source:http://ezinearticles.com/?Data-Extraction---A-Guideline-to-Use-Scrapping-Tools-Effectively&id=3600918

Data Extraction Services For Better Outputs in Your Business

Data Extraction Services For Better Outputs in Your Business

Data Extraction can be defined as the process of retrieving data from an unstructured source in order to process it further or store it. It is very useful for large organizations who deal with large amount of data on a daily basis that need to be processed into meaningful information and stored for later use. The data extraction is a systematic way to extract and structure data from scattered and semi-structured electronic documents, as found on the web and in various data warehouses.

In today's highly competitive business world, vital business information such as customer statistics, competitor's operational figures and inter-company sales figures play an important role in making strategic decisions. By signing on this service provider, you will be get access to critivcal data from various sources like websites, databases, images and documents.

It can help you take strategic business decisions that can shape your business' goals. Whether you need customer information, nuggets into your competitor's operations and figure out your organization's performance, it is highly critical to have data at your fingertips as and when you want it. Your company may be crippled with tons of data and it may prove a headache to control and convert the data into useful information. Data extraction services enable you get data quickly and in the right format.

Few areas where Data Extraction can help you are:

    Capturing financial data
    Generating better sales leads
    Conducting market research, survey and analysis
    Conducting product research and analysis
    Track, extract and harvest product pricing data
    Searching for specific job postings
    Duplicating an online database
    Acquiring real estate data
    Processing auction information
    Searching online newspapers for latest pricing information
    Extracting and summarize news stories from online news sources

Outsourcing companies provide custom made data extraction services to the client's requirements. The different types of data extraction services;

    Web extraction
    Database extraction

Outsourcing is the beneficial option for large organizations seeking to manage large information. Outsourcing this services helps businesses in managing their data effectively, which in turn enables business to experience an increase in profits. By outsourcing, you can certainly increase your competitive edge and save costs too!

This article is courtesy of Web Scraping Expert - an executive at Outsourcing Web Research offer high quality and time bound comprehensive range of data extraction services at affordable rates. For more info please visit us at: http://www.webscrapingexpert.com/ or directly send your requirements at: info@webscrapingexpert.com

Source:http://ezinearticles.com/?Data-Extraction-Services-For-Better-Outputs-in-Your-Business&id=2760257

Increasing Accessibility by Scraping Information From PDF

Increasing Accessibility by Scraping Information From PDF

You may have heard about data scraping which is a method that is being used by computer programs in extracting data from an output that comes from another program. To put it simply, this is a process which involves the automatic sorting of information that can be found on different resources including the internet which is inside an html file, PDF or any other documents. In addition to that, there is the collection of pertinent information. These pieces of information will be contained into the databases or spreadsheets so that the users can retrieve them later.

Most of the websites today have text that can be accessed and written easily in the source code. However, there are now other businesses nowadays that choose to make use of Adobe PDF files or Portable Document Format. This is a type of file that can be viewed by simply using the free software known as the Adobe Acrobat. Almost any operating system supports the said software. There are many advantages when you choose to utilize PDF files. Among them is that the document that you have looks exactly the same even if you put it in another computer so that you can view it. Therefore, this makes it ideal for business documents or even specification sheets. Of course there are disadvantages as well. One of which is that the text that is contained in the file is converted into an image. In this case, it is often that you may have problems with this when it comes to the copying and pasting.

This is why there are some that start scraping information from PDF. This is often called PDF scraping in which this is the process that is just like data scraping only that you will be getting information that is contained in your PDF files. In order for you to begin scraping information from PDF, you must choose and exploit a tool that is specifically designed for this process. However, you will find that it is not easy to locate the right tool that will enable you to perform PDF scraping effectively. This is because most of the tools today have problems in obtaining exactly the same data that you want without personalizing them.

Nevertheless, if you search well enough, you will be able to encounter the program that you are looking for. There is no need for you to have programming language knowledge in order for you to use them. You can easily specify your own preferences and the software will do the rest of the work for you. There are also companies out there that you can contact and they will perform the task since they have the right tools that they can use. If you choose to do things manually, you will find that this is indeed tedious and complicated whereas if you compare this to having professionals do the job for you, they will be able to finish it in no time at all. Scraping information from PDF is a process where you collect the information that can be found on the internet and this does not infringe copyright laws.

Source:http://ezinearticles.com/?Increasing-Accessibility-by-Scraping-Information-From-PDF&id=4593863

Collecting Data With Web Scrapers

Collecting Data With Web Scrapers

There is a large amount of data available only through websites. However, as many people have found out, trying to copy data into a usable database or spreadsheet directly out of a website can be a tiring process. Data entry from internet sources can quickly become cost prohibitive as the required hours add up. Clearly, an automated method for collating information from HTML-based sites can offer huge management cost savings.

Web scrapers are programs that are able to aggregate information from the internet. They are capable of navigating the web, assessing the contents of a site, and then pulling data points and placing them into a structured, working database or spreadsheet. Many companies and services will use programs to web scrape, such as comparing prices, performing online research, or tracking changes to online content.

Let's take a look at how web scrapers can aid data collection and management for a variety of purposes.

Improving On Manual Entry Methods

Using a computer's copy and paste function or simply typing text from a site is extremely inefficient and costly. Web scrapers are able to navigate through a series of websites, make decisions on what is important data, and then copy the info into a structured database, spreadsheet, or other program. Software packages include the ability to record macros by having a user perform a routine once and then have the computer remember and automate those actions. Every user can effectively act as their own programmer to expand the capabilities to process websites. These applications can also interface with databases in order to automatically manage information as it is pulled from a website.

Aggregating Information

There are a number of instances where material stored in websites can be manipulated and stored. For example, a clothing company that is looking to bring their line of apparel to retailers can go online for the contact information of retailers in their area and then present that information to sales personnel to generate leads. Many businesses can perform market research on prices and product availability by analyzing online catalogues.

Data Management

Managing figures and numbers is best done through spreadsheets and databases; however, information on a website formatted with HTML is not readily accessible for such purposes. While websites are excellent for displaying facts and figures, they fall short when they need to be analyzed, sorted, or otherwise manipulated. Ultimately, web scrapers are able to take the output that is intended for display to a person and change it to numbers that can be used by a computer. Furthermore, by automating this process with software applications and macros, entry costs are severely reduced.

This type of data management is also effective at merging different information sources. If a company were to purchase research or statistical information, it could be scraped in order to format the information into a database. This is also highly effective at taking a legacy system's contents and incorporating them into today's systems.

Overall, a web scraper is a cost effective user tool for data manipulation and management.

source: http://ezinearticles.com/?Collecting-Data-With-Web-Scrapers&id=4223877

How Xpath Plays Vital Role In Web Scraping Part 2

How Xpath Plays Vital Role In Web Scraping Part 2

Here is a piece of content on  Xpaths which is the follow up of How Xpath Plays Vital Role In Web Scraping

Let’s dive into a real-world example of scraping amazon website for getting information about deals of the day. Deals of the day in amazon can be found at this URL. So navigate to the amazon (deals of the day) in Firefox and find the XPath selectors. Right click on the deal you like and select “Inspect Element with Firebug”:

If you observe the image below keenly, there you can find the source of the image(deal) and the name of the deal in src, alt attribute’s respectively.

So now let’s write a generic XPath which gathers the name and image source of the product(deal).

  //img[@role=”img”]/@src  ## for image source
  //img[@role=”img”]/@alt   ## for product name

In this post, I’ll show you some tips we found valuable when using XPath in the trenches.

If you have an interest in Python and web scraping, you may have already played with the nice requests library to get the content of pages from the Web. Maybe you have toyed around using Scrapy selector or lxml to make the content extraction easier. Well, now I’m going to show you some tips I found valuable when using XPath in the trenches and we are going to use both lxml and Scrapy selector for HTML parsing.

Avoid using expressions which contains(.//text(), ‘search text’) in your XPath conditions. Use contains(., ‘search text’) instead.

Here is why: the expression .//text() yields a collection of text elements — a node-set(collection of nodes).and when a node-set is converted to a string, which happens when it is passed as argument to a string function like contains() or starts-with(), results in the text for the first element only.

from scrapy import Selector
html_code = “””<a href=”#”>Click here to go to the <strong>Next Page</strong></a>”””
sel = Selector(text=html_code)
xp = lambda x: sel.xpath(x).extract()           # Let’s type this only once
print xp(‘//a//text()’)                                       # Take a peek at the node-set
[u’Click here to go to the ‘, u’Next Page’]   # output of above command
print xp(‘string(//a//text())’)                           # convert it to a string
  [u’Click here to go to the ‘]                           # output of the above command

Let’s do the above one by using lxml then you can implement XPath by both lxml or Scrapy selector as XPath expression is same for both methods.

lxml code:

from lxml import html
html_code = “””<a href=”#”>Click here to go to the <strong>Next Page</strong></a>””” # Parse the text into a tree
parsed_body = html.fromstring(html_code)  # Perform xpaths on the tree
print parsed_body(‘//a//text()’)                      # take a peek at the node-set
[u’Click here to go to the ‘, u’Next Page’]   # output
print parsed_body(‘string(//a//text())’)              # convert it to a string
[u’Click here to go to the ‘]                    # output

A node converted to a string, however, puts together the text of itself plus of all its descendants:

>>> xp(‘//a[1]’)  # selects the first a node
[u'<a href=”#”>Click here to go to the <strong>Next Page</strong></a>’]

>>> xp(‘string(//a[1])’)  # converts it to string
[u’Click here to go to the Next Page’]

Beware of the difference between //node[1] and (//node)[1]//node[1] selects all the nodes occurring first under their respective parents and (//node)[1] selects all the nodes in the document, and then gets only the first of them.

from scrapy import Selector

html_code = “””<ul class=”list”>
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
<li>3</li>
</ul>

<ul class=”list”>
<li>4</li>
<li>5</li>
<li>6</li>
</ul>”””

sel = Selector(text=html_code)
xp = lambda x: sel.xpath(x).extract()

xp(“//li[1]”) # get all first LI elements under whatever it is its parent

[u'<li>1</li>’, u'<li>4</li>’]

xp(“(//li)[1]”) # get the first LI element in the whole document

[u'<li>1</li>’]

xp(“//ul/li[1]”)  # get all first LI elements under an UL parent

[u'<li>1</li>’, u'<li>4</li>’]

xp(“(//ul/li)[1]”) # get the first LI element under an UL parent in the document

[u'<li>1</li>’]

Also,

//a[starts-with(@href, ‘#’)][1] gets a collection of the local anchors that occur first under their respective parents and (//a[starts-with(@href, ‘#’)])[1] gets the first local anchor in the document.

When selecting by class, be as specific as necessary.

If you want to select elements by a CSS class, the XPath way to do the same job is the rather verbose:

*[contains(concat(‘ ‘, normalize-space(@class), ‘ ‘), ‘ someclass ‘)]

Let’s cook up some examples:

>>> sel = Selector(text='<p class=”content-author”>Someone</p><p class=”content text-wrap”>Some content</p>’)

>>> xp = lambda x: sel.xpath(x).extract()

BAD: because there are multiple classes in the attribute

>>> xp(“//*[@class=’content’]”)

[]

BAD: gets more content than we need

 >>> xp(“//*[contains(@class,’content’)]”)

     [u'<p class=”content-author”>Someone</p>’,
     u'<p class=”content text-wrap”>Some content</p>’]

GOOD:

>>> xp(“//*[contains(concat(‘ ‘, normalize-space(@class), ‘ ‘), ‘ content ‘)]”)
[u'<p class=”content text-wrap”>Some content</p>’]

And many times, you can just use a CSS selector instead, and even combine the two of them if needed:

ALSO GOOD:

>>> sel.css(“.content”).extract()
[u'<p class=”content text-wrap”>Some content</p>’]

>>> sel.css(‘.content’).xpath(‘@class’).extract()
[u’content text-wrap’]

Learn to use all the different axes.

It is handy to know how to use the axes, you can follow through these examples.

In particular, you should note that following and following-sibling are not the same thing, this is a common source of confusion. The same goes for preceding and preceding-sibling, and also ancestor and parent.

Useful trick to get text content

Here is another XPath trick that you may use to get the interesting text contents: 

//*[not(self::script or self::style)]/text()[normalize-space(.)]

This excludes the content from the script and style tags and also skip whitespace-only text nodes.

Tools & Libraries Used:

Firefox
Firefox inspect element with firebug
Scrapy : 1.1.1
Python : 2.7.12
Requests : 2.11.0

 Have questions? Comment below. Please share if you found this helpful.

Source: http://blog.datahut.co/how-xpath-plays-vital-role-in-web-scraping-part-2/

Why Outsourcing Data Mining Services?

Why Outsourcing Data Mining Services?

Are huge volumes of raw data waiting to be converted into information that you can use? Your organization's hunt for valuable information ends with valuable data mining, which can help to bring more accuracy and clarity in decision making process.

Nowadays world is information hungry and with Internet offering flexible communication, there is remarkable flow of data. It is significant to make the data available in a readily workable format where it can be of great help to your business. Then filtered data is of considerable use to the organization and efficient this services to increase profits, smooth work flow and ameliorating overall risks.

Data mining is a process that engages sorting through vast amounts of data and seeking out the pertinent information. Most of the instance data mining is conducted by professional, business organizations and financial analysts, although there are many growing fields that are finding the benefits of using in their business.

Data mining is helpful in every decision to make it quick and feasible. The information obtained by it is used for several applications for decision-making relating to direct marketing, e-commerce, customer relationship management, healthcare, scientific tests, telecommunications, financial services and utilities.

Data mining services include:

•     Congregation data from websites into excel database
•     Searching & collecting contact information from websites
•     Using software to extract data from websites
•     Extracting and summarizing stories from news sources
•     Gathering information about competitors business

In this globalization era, handling your important data is becoming a headache for many business verticals. Then outsourcing is profitable option for your business. Since all projects are customized to suit the exact needs of the customer, huge savings in terms of time, money and infrastructure can be realized.

Advantages of Outsourcing Data Mining Services:

•     Skilled and qualified technical staff who are proficient in English
•     Improved technology scalability
•     Advanced infrastructure resources
•     Quick turnaround time
•     Cost-effective prices
•     Secure Network systems to ensure data safety
•     Increased market coverage

Outsourcing will help you to focus on your core business operations and thus improve overall productivity. So data mining outsourcing is become wise choice for business. Outsourcing of this services helps businesses to manage their data effectively, which in turn enable them to achieve higher profits.

Source: http://ezinearticles.com/?Why-Outsourcing-Data-Mining-Services?&id=3066061

Web Scraping with Python: A Beginner’s Guide

Web Scraping with Python: A Beginner’s Guide

In the Big Data world, Web Scraping or Data extraction services are the primary requisites for Big Data Analytics. Pulling up data from the web has become almost inevitable for companies to stay in business. Next question that comes up is how to go about web scraping as a beginner.

Data can be extracted or scraped from a web source using a number of methods. Popular websites like Google, Facebook, or Twitter offer APIs to view and extract the available data in a structured manner.  This prevents the use of other methods that may not be preferred by the API provider. However, the demand to scrape a website arises when the information is not readily offered by the website. Python, an open source programming language is often used for Web Scraping due to its simple and rich ecosystem. It contains a library called “BeautifulSoup” which carries on this task. Let’s take a deeper look into web scraping using python.

Setting up a Python Environment:

To carry out web scraping using Python, you will first have to install the Python Environment, which enables to run code written in the python language. The libraries perform data scraping;

Beautiful Soup is a convenient-to-use python library. It is one of the finest tools for extracting information from a webpage. Professionals can scrape information from web pages in the form of tables, lists, or paragraphs. Urllib2 is another library that can be used in combination with the BeautifulSoup library for fetching the web pages. Filters can be added to extract specific information from web pages. Urllib2 is a Python module that can fetch URLs.

For MAC OSX :

To install Python libraries on MAC OSX, users need to open a terminal win and type in the following commands, single command at a time:

sudoeasy_install pip

pip install BeautifulSoup4

pip install lxml

For Windows 7 & 8 users:

Windows 7 & 8 users need to ensure that the python environment gets installed first. Once, the environment is installed, open the command prompt and find the way to root C:/ directory and type in the following commands:

easy_install BeautifulSoup4

easy_installlxml

Once the libraries are installed, it is time to write data scraping code.

Running Python:

Data scraping must be done for a distinct objective such as to scrape current stock of a retail store. First, a web browser is required to navigate the website that contains this data. After identifying the table, right click anywhere on it and then select inspect element from the dropdown menu list. This will cause a window to pop-up on the bottom or side of your screen displaying the website’s html code. The rankings appear in a table. You might need to scan through the HTML data until you find the line of code that highlights the table on the webpage.

Python offers some other alternatives for HTML scraping apart from BeautifulSoup. They include:

    Scrapy
    Scrapemark
    Mechanize

 Web scraping converts unstructured data from HTML code into structured form such as tabular data in an Excel worksheet. Web scraping can be done in many ways ranging from the use of Google Docs to programming languages. For people who do not have any programming knowledge or technical competencies, it is possible to acquire web data by using web scraping services that provide ready to use data from websites of your preference.

HTML Tags:

To perform web scraping, users must have a sound knowledge of HTML tags. It might help a lot to know that HTML links are defined using anchor tag i.e. <a> tag, “<a href=“http://…”>The link needs to be here </a>”. An HTML list comprises <ul> (unordered) and <ol> (ordered) list. The item of list starts with <li>.

HTML tables are defined with<Table>, row as <tr> and columns are divided into data as <td>;

    <!DOCTYPE html> : A HTML document starts with a document type declaration
    The main part of the HTML document in unformatted, plain text is defined by <body> and </body> tags
    The headings in HTML are defined using the heading tags from <h1> to <h5>
    Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag in HTML
    An entire HTML document is contained between <html> and </html>

Using BeautifulSoup in Scraping:

While scraping a webpage using BeautifulSoup, the main concern is to identify the final objective. For instance, if you would like to extract a list from webpage, a step wise approach is required:

    First and foremost step is to import the required libraries:

 #import the library used to query a website

import urllib2

#specify the url wiki = “https://”

#Query the website and return the html to the variable ‘page’

page = urllib2.urlopen(wiki)

#import the Beautiful soup functions to parse the data returned from the website

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

#Parse the html in the ‘page’ variable, and store it in Beautiful Soup format

soup = BeautifulSoup(page)

    Use function “prettify” to visualize nested structure of HTML page
    Working with Soup tags:

Soup<tag> is used for returning content between opening and closing tag including tag.

    In[30]:soup.title

 Out[30]:<title>List of Presidents in India till 2010 – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title>

    soup.<tag>.string: Return string within given tag
    In [38]:soup.title.string
    Out[38]:u ‘List of Presidents in India and Brazil till 2010 in India – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia’
    Find all the links within page’s <a> tags: Tag a link using tag “<a>”. So, go with option soup.a and it should return the links available in the web page. Let’s do it.
    In [40]:soup.a

Out[40]:<a id=”top”></a>

    Find the right table:

As a table to pull up information about Presidents in India and Brazil till 2010 is being searched for, identifying the right table first is important. Here’s a command to scrape information enclosed in all table tags.

all_tables= soup.find_all(‘table’)

Identify the right table by using attribute “class” of table needs to filter the right table. Thereafter, inspect the class name by right clicking on the required table of web page as follows:

    Inspect element
    Copy the class name or find the class name of right table from the last command’s output.

 right_table=soup.find(‘table’, class_=’wikitable sortable plainrowheaders’)

right_table

That’s how we can identify the right table.

    Extract the information to DataFrame: There is a need to iterate through each row (tr) and then assign each element of tr (td) to a variable and add it to a list. Let’s analyse the Table’s HTML structure of the table. (extract information for table heading <th>)

To access value of each element, there is a need to use “find(text=True)” option with each element.  Finally, there is data in dataframe.

There are various other ways to scrape data using “BeautifulSoup” that reduce manual efforts to collect data from web pages. Code written in BeautifulSoup is considered to be more robust than the regular expressions. The web scraping method we discussed use “BeautifulSoup” and “urllib2” libraries in Python. That was a brief beginner’s guide to start using Python for web scraping.

Source: https://www.promptcloud.com/blog/web-scraping-python-guide

Things to take care while doing Web Scraping!!!

Things to take care while doing Web Scraping!!!

In the present day and age, web scraping word becomes most popular in data science. Basically web scraping is extracting the information from the websites using pre-written programs and web scraping scripts. Many organizations have successfully used web site scraping to build relevant and useful database that they use on a daily basis to enhance their business interests. This is the age of the Big Data and web scraping is one of the trending techniques in the data science.

Throughout my journey of learning web scraping and implementing many successful scraping projects, I have come across some great experiences we can learn from.  In this post, I’m going to discuss some of the approaches to take and approaches to avoid while executing web scraping.

User Proxies: Anonymously scraping data from websites

One should not scrape website with a single IP Address. Because when you repeatedly request the web page for web scraping, there is a chance that the remote web server might block your IP address preventing further request to the web page. To overcome this situation, one should scrape websites with the help of proxy servers (anonymous scraping). This will minimize the risk of getting trapped and blacklisted by a website. Use of Proxies to hide your identity (network details) to remote web servers while scraping data. You may also use a VPN instead of proxies to anonymously scrape websites.

Take maximum data and store it.

Do not follow “process the web page as it comes from the remote server”. Instead take all the information and store it to disk. This approach will be useful when your scraping algorithm breaks in the middle. In this case you don’t have to start scraping again. Never download the same content more than once as you are just wasting bandwidth. Try and download all content to disk in one go and then do the processing.

Follow strict rules in parsing:

Check various rules while parsing the information from the web site. For example if you expect a value to be a date then check that it’s really a date. This may greatly improve the quality of information. When you get unexpected data, then the algorithm need to be changed accordingly.

Respect Robots.txt

Robots.txt specifies the set of rules that should be followed by web crawlers and robots. I strongly advise you to consider and adjust your crawler to fully respect robots.txt. Robots.txt contains instructions on the exact pages that you are allowed to crawl, user-agent, and the requisite intervals between page requests. Following to these instructions minimizes the chance of getting blacklisted and banned from website owner.

Use XPath Smartly

XPath is a nice option to select elements of the HTML document more flexibly than CSS Selectors.  Be careful about HTML structure change through page to page so one xpath you made may be failed to extract data on another page due to changes in HTML structure.

Obey Website TOC:

Some websites make it absolutely apparent in their terms and conditions that they are particularly against to web scraping activities on their content. This can make you vulnerable against possible ethical and legal implications.

Test sample scrape and verify the data with actual scrape

Once you are done with web scraping project set up, you need to test it for sometimes. Check the extracted data. If something is not good, find out the cause and make changes accordingly and finally come to a perfect web scraping project.

Source: http://webdata-scraping.com/things-take-care-web-scraping/

How to Use Microsoft Excel as a Web Scraping Tool

How to Use Microsoft Excel as a Web Scraping Tool

Microsoft Excel is undoubtedly one of the most powerful tools to manage information in a structured form. The immense popularity of Excel is not without reasons. It is like the Swiss army knife of data with its great features and capabilities. Here is how Excel can be used as a basic web scraping tool to extract web data directly into a worksheet. We will be using Excel web queries to make this happen.

Web queries is a feature of Excel which is basically used to fetch data on a web page into the Excel worksheet easily. It can automatically find tables on the webpage and would let you pick the particular table you need data from. Web queries can also be handy in situations where an ODBC connection is impossible to maintain apart from just extracting data from web pages. Let’s see how web queries work and how you can scrape HTML tables off the web using them.
Getting started

We’ll start with a simple Web query to scrape data from the Yahoo! Finance page. This page is particularly easier to scrape and hence is a good fit for learning the method. The page is also pretty straightforward and doesn’t have important information in the form of links or images. Here is the URL we will be using for the tutorial:

http://finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=GOOG

To create a new Web query:

1. Select the cell in which you want the data to appear.
2. Click on Data-> From Web
3. The New Web query box will pop up as shown below.

4. Enter the web page URL you need to extract data from in the Address bar and hit the Go button.
5. Click on the yellow-black buttons next to the table you need to extract data from.

6. After selecting the required tables, click on the Import button and you’re done. Excel will now start downloading the content of the selected tables into your worksheet.

Once you have the data scraped into your Excel worksheet, you can do a host of things like creating charts, sorting, formatting etc. to better understand or present the data in a simpler way.
Customizing the query

Once you have created a web query, you have the option to customize it according to your requirements. To do this, access Web query properties by right clicking on a cell with the extracted data. The page you were querying appears again, click on the Options button to the right of the address bar. A new pop up box will be displayed where you can customize how the web query interacts with the target page. The options here lets you change some of the basic things related to web pages like the formatting and redirections.

Apart from this, you can also alter the data range options by right clicking on a random cell with the query results and selecting Data range properties. The data range properties dialog box will pop up where you can make the required changes. You might want to rename the data range to something you can easily recognize like ‘Stock Prices’.

Auto refresh

Auto-refresh is a feature of web queries worth mentioning, and one which makes our Excel web scraper truly powerful. You can make the extracted data to be auto-refreshing so that your Excel worksheet will update the data whenever the source website changes. You can set how often you need the data to be updated from the source web page in data range options menu. The auto refresh feature can be enabled by ticking the box beside ‘Refresh every’ and setting your preferred time interval for updating the data.
Web scraping at scale

Although extracting data using Excel can be a great way to scrape html tables from the web, it is nowhere close to a real web scraping solution. This can prove to be useful if you are collecting data for your college research paper or you are a hobbyist looking for a cheap way to get your hands on some data. If data for business is your need, you will definitely have to depend on a web scraping provider with expertise in dealing with web scraping at scale. Outsourcing the complicated process that web scraping will also give you more room to deal with other things that need extra attention such as marketing your business.

Source: https://www.promptcloud.com/blog/how-to-use-excel-to-scrape-websites

Business Intelligence & Data Warehousing in a Business Perspective

Business Intelligence & Data Warehousing in a Business Perspective

Business Intelligence

Business Intelligence has become a very important activity in the business arena irrespective of the domain due to the fact that managers need to analyze comprehensively in order to face the challenges.

Data sourcing, data analysing, extracting the correct information for a given criteria, assessing the risks and finally supporting the decision making process are the main components of BI.

In a business perspective, core stakeholders need to be well aware of all the above stages and be crystal clear on expectations. The person, who is being assigned with the role of Business Analyst (BA) for the BI initiative either from the BI solution providers' side or the company itself, needs to take the full responsibility on assuring that all the above steps are correctly being carried out, in a way that it would ultimately give the business the expected leverage. The management, who will be the users of the BI solution, and the business stakeholders, need to communicate with the BA correctly and elaborately on their expectations and help him throughout the process.

Data sourcing is an initial yet crucial step that would have a direct impact on the system where extracting information from multiple sources of data has to be carried out. The data may be on text documents such as memos, reports, email messages, and it may be on the formats such as photographs, images, sounds, and they can be on more computer oriented sources like databases, formatted tables, web pages and URL lists. The key to data sourcing is to obtain the information in electronic form. Therefore, typically scanners, digital cameras, database queries, web searches, computer file access etc, would play significant roles. In a business perspective, emphasis should be placed on the identification of the correct relevant data sources, the granularity of the data to be extracted, possibility of data being extracted from identified sources and the confirmation that only correct and accurate data is extracted and passed on to the data analysis stage of the BI process.

Business oriented stake holders guided by the BA need to put in lot of thought during the analyzing stage as well, which is the second phase. Synthesizing useful knowledge from collections of data should be done in an analytical way using the in-depth business knowledge whilst estimating current trends, integrating and summarizing disparate information, validating models of understanding, and predicting missing information or future trends. This process of data analysis is also called data mining or knowledge discovery. Probability theory, statistical analysis methods, operational research and artificial intelligence are the tools to be used within this stage. It is not expected that business oriented stake holders (including the BA) are experts of all the above theoretical concepts and application methodologies, but they need to be able to guide the relevant resources in order to achieve the ultimate expectations of BI, which they know best.

Identifying relevant criteria, conditions and parameters of report generation is solely based on business requirements, which need to be well communicated by the users and correctly captured by the BA. Ultimately, correct decision support will be facilitated through the BI initiative and it aims to provide warnings on important events, such as takeovers, market changes, and poor staff performance, so that preventative steps could be taken. It seeks to help analyze and make better business decisions, to improve sales or customer satisfaction or staff morale. It presents the information that manager's need, as and when they need it.

In a business sense, BI should go several steps forward bypassing the mere conventional reporting, which should explain "what has happened?" through baseline metrics. The value addition will be higher if it can produce descriptive metrics, which will explain "why has it happened?" and the value added to the business will be much higher if predictive metrics could be provided to explain "what will happen?" Therefore, when providing a BI solution, it is important to think in these additional value adding lines.

Data warehousing

In the context of BI, data warehousing (DW) is also a critical resource to be implemented to maximize the effectiveness of the BI process. BI and DW are two terminologies that go in line. It has come to a level where a true BI system is ineffective without a powerful DW, in order to understand the reality behind this statement, it's important to have an insight in to what DW really is.

A data warehouse is one large data store for the business in concern which has integrated, time variant, non volatile collection of data in support of management's decision making process. It will mainly have transactional data which would facilitate effective querying, analyzing and report generation, which in turn would give the management the required level of information for the decision making.

The reasons to have BI together with DW

At this point, it should be made clear why a BI tool is more effective with a powerful DW. To query, analyze and generate worthy reports, the systems should have information available. Importantly, transactional information such as sales data, human resources data etc. are available normally in different applications of the enterprise, which would obviously be physically held in different databases. Therefore, data is not at one particular place, hence making it very difficult to generate intelligent information.

The level of reports expected today, are not merely independent for each department, but managers today want to analyze data and relationships across the enterprise so that their BI process is effective. Therefore, having data coming from all the sources to one location in the form of a data warehouse is crucial for the success of the BI initiative. In a business viewpoint, this message should be passed and sold to the managements of enterprises so that they understand the value of the investment. Once invested, its gains could be achieved over several years, in turn marking a high ROI.

Investment costs for a DW in the short term may look quite high, but it's important to re-iterate that the gains are much higher and it will span over many years to come. It also reduces future development cost since with the DW any requested report or view could be easily facilitated. However, it is important to find the right business sponsor for the project. He or she needs to communicate regularly with executives to ensure that they understand the value of what's being built. Business sponsors need to be decisive, take an enterprise-wide perspective and have the authority to enforce their decisions.

Process

Implementation of a DW itself overlaps with some phases of the above explained BI process and it's important to note that in a process standpoint, DW falls in to the first few phases of the entire BI initiative. Gaining highly valuable information out of DW is the latter part of the BI process. This can be done in many ways. DW can be used as the data repository of application servers that run decision support systems, management Information Systems, Expert systems etc., through them, intelligent information could be achieved.

But one of the latest strategies is to build cubes out of the DW and allow users to analyze data in multiple dimensions, and also provide with powerful analytical supporting such as drill down information in to granular levels. Cube is a concept that is different to the traditional relational 2-dimensional tabular view, and it has multiple dimensions, allowing a manager to analyze data based on multiple factors, and not just two factors. On the other hand, it allows the user to select whatever the dimension he wish to choose for analyzing purposes and not be limited by one fixed view of data, which is called as slice & dice in DW terminology.

BI for a serious enterprise is not just a phase of a computerization process, but it is one of the major strategies behind the entire organizational drivers. Therefore management should sit down and build up a BI strategy for the company and identify the information they require in each business direction within the enterprise. Given this, BA needs to analyze the organizational data sources in order to build up the most effective DW which would help the strategized BI process.

High level Ideas on Implementation

At the heart of the data warehousing process is the extract, transform, and load (ETL) process. Implementation of this merely is a technical concern but it's a business concern to make sure it is designed in such a way that it ultimately helps to satisfy the business requirements. This process is responsible for connecting to and extracting data from one or more transactional systems (source systems), transforming it according to the business rules defined through the business objectives, and loading it into the all important data model. It is at this point where data quality should be gained. Of the many responsibilities of the data warehouse, the ETL process represents a significant portion of all the moving parts of the warehousing process.

Creation of a powerful DW depends on the correctness of data modeling, which is the responsibility of the database architect of the project, but BA needs to play a pivotal role providing him with correct data sources, data requirements and most importantly business dimensions. Business Dimensional modeling is a special method used for DW projects and this normally should be carried out by the BA and from there onwards technical experts should take up the work. Dimensions are perspectives specific to a business that could be used for analysis purposes. As an example, for a sales database, the dimensions could include Product, Time, Store, etc. Obviously these dimensions differ from one business to another and hence for each DW initiative those dimensions should be correctly identified and that could be very well done by a person who has experience in the DW domain and understands the business as well, making it apparent that DW BA is the person responsible.

Each of the identified dimensions would be turned in to a dimension table at the implementation phase, and the objective of the above explained ETL process is to fill up these dimension tables, which in turn will be taken to the level of the DW after performing some more database activities based on a strong underlying data model. Implementation details are not important for a business stakeholder but being aware of high level process to this level is important so that they are also on the same pitch as that of the developers and can confirm that developers are actually doing what they are supposed to do and would ultimately deliver what they are supposed to deliver.

Security is also vital in this regard, since this entire effort deals with highly sensitive information and identification of access right to specific people to specific information should be correctly identified and captured at the requirements analysis stage.

Advantages

There are so many advantages of BI system. More presentation of analytics directly to the customer or supply chain partner will be possible. Customer scores, customer campaigns and new product bundles can all be produced from analytic structures resulting in high customer retention and creation of unique products. More collaboration within information can be achieved from effective BI. Rather than middle managers getting great reports and making their own areas look good, information will be conveyed into other functions and rapidly shared to create collaborative decisions increasing the efficiency and accuracy. The return on human capital will be greatly increased.

Managers at all levels will save their time on data analysis, and hence saving money for the enterprise, as the time of managers is equal to money in a financial perspective. Since powerful BI would enable monitoring internal processes of the enterprises more closely and allow making them more efficient, the overall success of the organization would automatically grow. All these would help to derive a high ROI on BI together with a strong DW. It is a common experience to notice very high ROI figures on such implementations, and it is also important to note that there are many non-measurable gains whilst we consider most of the measurable gains for the ROI calculation. However, at a stage where it is intended to take the management buy-in for the BI initiative, it's important to convert all the non measurable gains in to monitory values as much as possible, for example, saving of managers time can be converted in to a monitory value using his compensation.

The author has knowledge in both Business and IT. Started career as a Software Engineer and moved to work in the business analysis area of a premier US based software company.

Source: http://ezinearticles.com/?Business-Intelligence-and-Data-Warehousing-in-a-Business-Perspective&id=35640

Are You Screen Scraping or Data Mining?

Are You Screen Scraping or Data Mining?

Many of us seem to use these terms interchangeably but let’s make sure we are clear about the differences that make each of these approaches different from the other.

Basically, screen scraping is a process where you use a computer program or software to extract information from a website.  This is different than crawling, searching or mining a site because you are not indexing everything on the page – a screen scraper simply extracts precise information selected by the user.  Screen scraping is a useful application when you want to do real-time, price and product comparisons, archive web pages, or acquire data sets that you want to evaluate or filter.

When you perform screen scraping, you are able to scrape data more directly and, you can automate the process if you are using the right solution. Different types of screen scraping services and solutions offer different ways of obtaining information. Some look directly at the html code of the webpage to grab the data while others use more advanced, visual abstraction techniques that can often avoid “breakage” errors when the web source experiences a programming or code change.

On the other hand, data mining is basically the process of automatically searching large amounts of information and data for patterns. This means that you already have the information and what you really need to do is analyze the contents to find the useful things you need. This is very different from screen scraping as screen scraping requires you to look for the data, collect it and then you can analyze it.

Data mining also involves a lot of complicated algorithms often based on various statistical methods. This process has nothing to do with how you obtain the data. All it cares about is analyzing what is available for evaluation.

Screen scraping is often mistaken for data mining when, in fact, these are two different things. Today, there are online services that offer screen scraping. Depending on what you need, you can have it custom tailored to meet your specific needs and perform precisely the tasks you want. But screen scraping does not guarantee any kind of analysis of the data.

Source: http://www.connotate.com/are-you-screen-scraping-or-data-mining/

Best Alternative For Linkedin Data Scraping

Best Alternative For Linkedin Data Scraping

When I started my career in sales, one of the things that my VP of sales told me is that ” In sales, assumptions are the mother of all f**k ups “. I know the F word sounds a bit inappropriate, but that is the exact word he used. He was trying to convey the simple point that every prospect is different, so don’t guess, use data to come up with decisions.

I joined Datahut and we are working on a product that helps sales people. I thought I should discuss it with you guys and take your feedback.

Let me tell you how the idea evolved itself. At Datahut, we get to hear a lot of problems customers want to solve. Almost 30 percent of all the inbound leads ask us to help them with lead generation.

Most of them simply ask, “Can you scrape Linkedin for me”?

Every time, we politely refused.

But not anymore, we figured out a way to solve their problem without scraping Linkedin.

This should raise some questions in your mind.

1) What problem is he trying to solve?– Most of the time their sales team does not have the accurate data about the prospects. This leads to a total chaos. It will end up in a waste of both time and money by selling the leads that are not sales qualified.

2) Why do they need data specifically from Linkedin? – LinkedIn is the world’s largest business network. In his view, there is no better place to find leads for his business than Linkedin. It is right in a way.

3) Ok, then what is wrong in scraping Linkedin? – Scraping Linkedin is against its terms and it can lead to legal issues. Linkedin has an excellent anti-scraping mechanism which can make the scraping costly.

4) How severe is the problem? – The problem has a direct impact on the revenues as the productivity of the sales team is too low. Without enough sales, the company is a joke.

5) Is there a better way? – Of course yes. The people with profiles in LinkedIn are in other sites too. eg. Google plus, CrunchBase etc. If we can mine and correlate the data, we can generate leads with rich information. It will have better quality than scraping LinkedIn.

6) What to do when the machine intelligence fails? – We have to use human intelligence. Period!

Datahut is working on a platform that can help you get leads that match your ideal buyer persona. It will be a complete Business intelligence platform powered by machine and human intelligence for an efficient lead research & discovery.We named it Leadintel. We’ve also established some partnerships that help to enrich the data and saves the trouble of lawsuits.

We are opening our platform for beta users. You can request an invitation using the contact form. What do you think about this? What are your suggestions?

Thanks for reading this blog post. Datahut offers affordable data extraction services (DaaS) . If you need help with your web scraping projects let us know and we will be glad to help.

Source:http://blog.datahut.co/best-alternative-for-linkedin-data-scraping/

Web Scraping Services : Making Modern File Formats More Accessible

Data scraping is the process of automatically sorting through information contained on the internet inside html, PDF or other documents and collecting relevant information to into databases and spreadsheets for later retrieval. On most websites, the text is easily and accessibly written in the source code but an increasing number of businesses are using Adobe PDF format (Portable Document Format: A format which can be viewed by the free Adobe Acrobat software on almost any operating system. See below for a link.). The advantage of PDF format is that the document looks exactly the same no matter which computer you view it from making it ideal for business forms, specification sheets, etc.; the disadvantage is that the text is converted into an image from which you often cannot easily copy and paste. PDF Scraping is the process of data scraping information contained in PDF files. To PDF scrape a PDF document, you must employ a more diverse set of tools.

There are two main types of PDF files: those built from a text file and those built from an image (likely scanned in). Adobe's own software is capable of PDF scraping from text-based PDF files but special tools are needed for PDF scraping text from image-based PDF files. The primary tool for PDF scraping is the OCR program. OCR, or Optical Character Recognition, programs scan a document for small pictures that they can separate into letters. These pictures are then compared to actual letters and if matches are found, the letters are copied into a file. OCR programs can perform PDF scraping of image-based PDF files quite accurately but they are not perfect.

Once the OCR program or Adobe program has finished PDF scraping a document, you can search through the data to find the parts you are most interested in. This information can then be stored into your favorite database or spreadsheet program. Some PDF scraping programs can sort the data into databases and/or spreadsheets automatically making your job that much easier.

Quite often you will not find a PDF scraping program that will obtain exactly the data you want without customization. Surprisingly a search on Google only turned up one business, that will create a customized PDF scraping utility for your project. A handful of off the shelf utilities claim to be customizable, but seem to require a bit of programming knowledge and time commitment to use effectively. Obtaining the data yourself with one of these tools may be possible but will likely prove quite tedious and time consuming. It may be advisable to contract a company that specializes in PDF scraping to do it for you quickly and professionally.

Let's explore some real world examples of the uses of PDF scraping technology. A group at Cornell University wanted to improve a database of technical documents in PDF format by taking the old PDF file where the links and references were just images of text and changing the links and references into working clickable links thus making the database easy to navigate and cross-reference. They employed a PDF scraping utility to deconstruct the PDF files and figure out where the links were. They then could create a simple script to re-create the PDF files with working links replacing the old text image.

A computer hardware vendor wanted to display specifications data for his hardware on his website. He hired a company to perform PDF scraping of the hardware documentation on the manufacturers' website and save the PDF scraped data into a database he could use to update his webpage automatically.

PDF Scraping is just collecting information that is available on the public internet. PDF Scraping does not violate copyright laws.

PDF Scraping is a great new technology that can significantly reduce your workload if it involves retrieving information from PDF files. Applications exist that can help you with smaller, easier PDF Scraping projects but companies exist that will create custom applications for larger or more intricate PDF Scraping jobs.

Source URL :  http://yellowpagesdatascraping.blogspot.in/2015/06/web-scraping-services-making-modern.html

Scraping the Bottom of the Barrel - The Perils of Online Article Marketing

Many online article marketers so desperately wish to succeed, they want to dump corporate life and work for themselves out of their home. They decide they are going to create an online money making website. Therefore, they look around to see what everyone else is doing, and watch the methods others use to attract online buyers, and then they mimic their marketing, their strategies, and their business models.

Still, if you are copying what other people (less ethical people) are doing in online article marketing, those which are scraping the bottom of the barrel and using false advertising and misrepresentations, then all you are really doing is perpetuating distrust on the Internet. Therefore, you are hurting everyone, including people like me. You must realize that people like me don't appreciate that.

Let me give you a few examples of some of the things going on out there, thing that are being done by people who are ethically challenged. Far too many people write articles and then on their byline they send the Internet surfer or reader of the article to a website that has a squeeze page. The squeeze page has no real information on it, rather it asks for their name and e-mail address.

If the would-be Internet surfer is unwise enough to type in their name and email address they will be spammed by e-mail, receiving various hard-sell marketing pieces. Then, if the Internet Surfer does decide to put in their e-mail address, the website grants them access and then takes them to the page with information about what they are selling, or their online marketing "make you a millionaire" scheme.

Generally, these are five page sales letters, with tons of testimonials of people you've never heard of, and may not actually exist, and all sorts of unsubstantiated earnings claims of how much money you will make if you give them $39.35 by way of PayPal, for this limited offer "Now!" And they will send you an E-book with a strategic plan of how you can duplicate what they are doing. The reality is whatever they are doing is questionable to begin with.

Source URL  : http://ezinearticles.com/?Scraping-the-Bottom-of-the-Barrel---The-Perils-of-Online-Article-Marketing&id=2710103

Beginner’s guide to Web Scraping in Python (using Beautiful Soup)

Introduction

The need and importance of extracting data from the web is becoming increasingly loud and clear. Every few weeks, I find myself in a situation where we need to extract data from the web. For example, last week we were thinking of creating an index of hotness and sentiment about various data science courses available on the internet. This would not only require finding out new courses, but also scrape the web for their reviews and then summarizing them in a few metrics! This is one of the problems / products, whose efficacy depends more on web scrapping and information extraction (data collection) than the techniques used to summarize the data.

Ways to extract information from web

There are several ways to extract information from the web. Use of APIs being probably the best way to extract data from a website. Almost all large websites like Twitter, Facebook, Google, Twitter, StackOverflow provide APIs to access their data in a more structured manner. If you can get what you need through an API, it is almost always preferred approach over web scrapping. This is because if you are getting access to structured data from the provider, why would you want to create an engine to extract the same information.

Sadly, not all websites provide an API. Some do it because they do not want the readers to extract huge information in structured way, while others don’t provide APIs due to lack of technical knowledge. What do you do in these cases? Well, we need to scrape the website to fetch the information.

There might be a few other ways like RSS feeds, but they are limited in their use and hence I am not including them in the discussion here.

What is Web Scraping?

Web scraping is a computer software technique of extracting information from websites. This technique mostly focuses on the transformation of unstructured data (HTML format) on the web into structured data (database or spreadsheet).

You can perform web scrapping in various ways, including use of Google Docs to almost every programming language. I would resort to Python because of its ease and rich eocsystem. It has a library known as ‘Beautiful Soup’ which assists this task. In this article, I’ll show you the easiest way to learn web scraping using python programming.

For those of you, who need a non-programming way to extract information out of web pages, you can also look at import.io . It provides a GUI driven interface to perform all basic web scraping operations. The hackers can continue to read this article!

Libraries required for web scraping

As we know, python is a open source programming language. You may find many libraries to perform one function. Hence, it is necessary to find the best to use library. I prefer Beautiful Soup (python library), since it is easy and intuitive to work on. Precisely, I’ll use two Python modules for scraping data:

Urllib2: It is a Python module which can be used for fetching URLs. It defines functions and classes to help with URL actions (basic and digest authentication, redirections, cookies, etc). For more detail refer to the documentation page.

Beautiful Soup: It is an incredible tool for pulling out information from a webpage. You can use it to extract tables, lists, paragraph and you can also put filters to extract information from web pages. In this article, we will use latest version Beautiful Soup 4. You can look at the installation instruction in its documentation page.

Beautiful Soup does not fetch the web page for us. That’s why, I use urllib2 in combination with the BeautifulSoup library.

Python has several other options for HTML scraping in addition to Beatiful Soup. Here are some others:

    -mechanize
    -scrapemark
    -scrapy

Basics – Get familiar with HTML (Tags)

While performing web scarping, we deal with html tags. Thus, we must have good understanding of them.                     
 you already know basics of HTML, you can skip this section. Below is the basic syntax of HTML:
  This syntax has various tags as elaborated below:

    <!DOCTYPE html> : HTML documents must start with a type declaration
      HTML document is contained between <html> and </html>
      The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>
       HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags
       HTML paragraphs are defined with the <

Scrapping a web Page using Beautiful Soup

Here, I am scraping data from a Wikipedia page. Our final goal is to extract list of state, union territory capitals in India. And some basic detail like establishment, former capital and others form this wikipedia page. Let’s learn with doing this project step wise step:

Import necessary libraries:

#import the library used to query a website
import urllib2
#specify the url
wiki = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India"
#Query the website and return the html to the variable 'page'
page = urllib2.urlopen(wiki)
#import the Beautiful soup functions to parse the data returned from the website
from bs4 import Beautiful Soup
#Parse the html in the 'page' variable, and store it in Beautiful Soup format
soup = Beautiful Soup(page)

Use function “prettify” to look at nested structure of HTML page

Above, you can see that structure of the HTML tags. This will help you to know about different available tags and how can you play with these to extract information.

Work with HTML tags

    soup.<tag>: Return content between opening and closing tag including tag.
    In[30]:soup.title
    Out[30]:<title>List of state and union territory capitals in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title>
    soup.<tag>.string: Return string within given tag
    In [38]:soup.title.string
    Out[38]:u'List of state and union territory capitals in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia'

Find all the links within page’s <a> tags::  We know that, we can tag a link using tag “<a>”. So, we should go with option soup.a and it should return the links available in the web page. Let’s do it.

    In [40]:soup.a
    Out[40]:<a id="top"></a>

Above, you can see that, we have only one output. Now to extract all the links within <a>, we will use

Above, it is showing all links including titles, links and other information.  Now to show only links, we need to iterate over each a tag and then return the link using attribute “href” with get.

Find the right table: As we are seeking a table to extract information about state capitals, we should identify the right table first. Let’s write the command to extract information within all table tags.

all_tables=soup.find_all('table')

Now to identify the right table, we will use attribute “class” of table and use it to filter the right table. In chrome, you can check the class name by right click on the required table of web page –> Inspect element –> Copy the class name OR go through the output of above command find the class name of right table.

right_table=soup.find('table', class_='wikitable sortable plainrowheaders')

\right_table

Extract the information to DataFrame: Here, we need to iterate through each row (tr) and then assign each element of tr (td) to a variable and append it to a list. Let’s first look at the HTML structure of the table (I am not going to extract information for table heading <th>)
Above, you can notice that second element of <tr> is within tag <th> not <td> so we need to take care for this. Now to access value of each element, we will use “find(text=True)” option with each element.  Let’s look at the code

#Generate lists

A=[]
B=[]
C=[]
D=[]
E=[]
F=[]
G=[]
for row in right_table.findAll("tr"):

    cells = row.findAll('td')
    states=row.findAll('th') #To store second column data
    if len(cells)==6: #Only extract table body not heading
        A.append(cells[0].find(text=True))
        B.append(states[0].find(text=True))
        C.append(cells[1].find(text=True))
        D.append(cells[2].find(text=True))
        E.append(cells[3].find(text=True))
        F.append(cells[4].find(text=True))
        G.append(cells[5].find(text=True))

#import pandas to convert list to data frame

import pandas as pd
df=pd.DataFrame(A,columns=['Number'])
df['State/UT']=B
df['Admin_Capital']=C
df['Legislative_Capital']=D
df['Judiciary_Capital']=E
df['Year_Capital']=F
df['Former_Capital']=G
df

Similarly, you can perform various other types of web scraping using “Beautiful Soup“. This will reduce your manual efforts to collect data from web pages. You can also look at the other attributes like .parent, .contents, .descendants and .next_sibling, .prev_sibling and various attributes to navigate using tag name. These will help you to scrap the web pages effectively.-

But, why can’t I just use Regular Expressions?

Now, if you know regular expressions, you might be thinking that you can write code using regular expression which can do the same thing for you. I definitely had this question. In my experience with Beautiful Soup and Regular expressions to do same thing I found out:

Code written in Beautiful Soup is usually more robust than the one written using regular expressions. Codes written with regular expressions need to be altered with any changes in pages. Even Beautiful Soup needs that in some cases, it is just that Beautiful Soup is relatively better.

Regular expressions are much faster than Beautiful Soup, usually by a factor of 100 in giving the same outcome.

So, it boils down to speed vs. robustness of the code and there is no universal winner here. If the information you are looking for can be extracted with simple regex statements, you should go ahead and use them. For almost any complex work, I usually recommend BeautifulSoup more than regex.

End Note

In this article, we looked at web scraping methods using “Beautiful Soup” and “urllib2” in Python. We also looked at the basics of HTML and perform the web scraping step by step while solving a challenge. I’d recommend you to practice this and use it for collecting data from web pages.


 Source : http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2015/10/beginner-guide-web-scraping-beautiful-soup-python/

Customized Web Data Scraping Services

To understand your customers’ behaviour it is crucial to organize the scattered data into a single repository. There are experts today who can scrape websites to extract data and develop analytics. Data extraction is a major requisite for any small or large company that deals with a massive volume of information that is stored in a complex structure. Premium data mining services help in extracting and structuring data from structured as well as semi-structured documents found on the internet or in other data warehouses.

Companies dealing with a large amount of data on a regular basis may need to convert these set of data into useful information. In that case, web scraping services will come to help. The experts offering such services will ensure that none of the data is missed. Customized data extraction is carried out mostly on the customer databases in order to analyse their behaviour and demographic characteristics. Personalized services offer a whole lot of benefits, which are;

Ensure Data Quality

The experts use a custom data extractor in order to ensure that the data extracted are of high quality. More than forty percent of the websites change their structure every month. Thus, it can be difficult for you to monitor the websites. A customized data extraction service will allow you to concentrate on your business’ larger goals, instead of wasting your time in trying DIY web data extraction.

Availability of Custom Scraper Tool

A reputed web scraping service provider is expected to have custom scraper tool with which they can extract information from the data efficiently without missing on anyone. By using the tools they can even scrape the most complex data and can provide it in any format.

Avoid Possible Human Errors

While extracting so many data sometimes even the professional service providers can also miss out on data. However, with customized services there will be no possibility of human error. Besides, a lot of time and cost can be saved too.

Great Speed

The custom web scraping service provider with their efficient tools can work really fast to convert the large amount of data into analytics. Also, they are able to extract data from multiple resources. The extracted data will be further preserved into customized structured formats such as, Microsoft Database, Text, script, HTML, SQL script etc.

Update Website

Additionally, you will have the leverage to update the website with the latest price and filter search by skipping the data, which do not match the keyword.

Tailor-made services even allow the professionals to extract data from emails and some other communication channels efficiently. With these data you will be able to spot the essentials required to implement in your business to convert the visitors into your customers. Also, you can make your business marketing plans accordingly.

Custom website data scraping service assist companies to have access to various on-demand data that are scraped from web, depending on the individual needs. The experts offering end-to-end data extraction services can also help in preparing the analytics for your business.

 Source : http://www.web-parsing.com/blog/customized-web-data-scrapping-services

Data Extraction: Tips to Get Exemplary Results

Data extraction is a skill, the more you master it – more are the chances of having a lucid picture of the volatile market and getting better perceptive of constantly changing trends. Escalating volatility in the market and intensifying competition has been the most contributing factors that have led to the rise of data extraction and data mining.

Data extraction is primarily used by companies (large and small, alike) to collect data from a specific industry, or data related to targeted customers or about their competition in the market. In fact, it has become a primary tool for marketers to plan their moves for branding and promoting particular products or services. It helps a wide plethora of industrial sectors to find and learn about specific data, based on their requirements.

And now with the rise of internet, web scraping has emerged as an important aspect that contributes to your success – the success of your venture or organization. It processes the HTML of a Web page to obtain data and convert it into to another format (i.e. HTML to XML).

Various extraction tools form an integral part of data extraction and data scrapping. Following offers a brief outline of some of these tools:

Email Extraction – An email extractor tool is used to acquire the email ids from any dependable sources automatically

Screen Scrapping – Screen scraping is a practice of reading text information from a screen and collecting visual data, rather than analyzing data as done in web scraping.

Data Mining as name suggests is a process of gathering patterns from information. It basically transforms the information into formats like CSV, MS excels, HTML and so and so forth, depending to your requirements

Web Spider – A Web spider is a computer program which browses internet in a systematic, automated manner. It is used by many search engines in order to provide up-to-date data

It is often seen that while extracting data; many get lost into the labyrinth of confusion, data overabundance, along with a lot of weird and not-so-familiar terms. Proper handling of these may sound easy, however; when not executed with appropriate procedure and processes; it may bring in disastrous results.

This no way means that data mining is a rocket science which only a few gifted and skilled people can take up. All it requires is undivided attention, keen preparation, and training, so brace up yourself for an overview of some practical tips that can help in successful data extraction and give a boost to your business.

Identify your Business Goals!:

Get a clear perspective in mind as to what are your business goals.

Data extraction can be bifurcated into various branches; and one needs to choose it wisely, depending on the business goals. E.g. your primary requirement is to get email ids of potential clients to conduct an email campaign; and for that you certainly need an email extractor. Use of this tool assists in extracting the email ids from trustworthy sources automatically. It essentially collects business contacts from various web pages, text files, HTML files, or any other format without duplicating the email ids. So, if you are not sure what you want; even applying the best tools will be of no use!

A crystal clear mindset helps in better understanding of market scenario and thus helps in formulation of powerful and effective strategies to get desired outcomes. E.g., people dealing in real estate business, should have a vision for it and which area they want to target specifically. With a clear vision they can clearly spell out what you want and where it should be.

Set Realistic Expectations:

Upon identifying your business goals, make sure to check out that they are realistic and attainable! Unrealistic and unachievable targets are the real cause for the obstacles and frustrations in the future.

Since, there are various tools that are and can be employed to extract data; vague or unclear goals make it difficult to determine which tool can be applied.

This crystal clear mindset; will help you give that insight about the direction your business is headed to.

Moreover, you can determine which method can be used to get excellent results. You can get a lucid picture of the past and present of your competitors and therefore helps in setting targets based on the others’ experiences. It is usually a wise move to set expectations that you have not achieved before.

Appoint Skilled Data Miner:

Skilled data miner with excellent data mining skills will reduce the painstaking and tiresome process of planning, devising and preparation.

For fresh start-ups, you can go ahead with the standard procedure however; if you have ample professionals at your disposal, pick up the right one who is not only knowledgeable but also reliable and sincere towards the task.

Prevent Data Deposits:

Being dead-sure of what you really want will help you avoid unnecessary data deposition.

Data mining just like real mining is a skill to know where the real treasure lies and being able to get it in the most efficient and effective way.

Being able to spot on authenticated & reliable resources, well researched information is what gives a short cut to locate the right and exact data.

If you are aimlessly opening every website; the results are bound to be ambiguous and would ultimately be a waste of time and effort.


Source:  http://www.habiledata.com/blog/data-extraction-is-not-a-rocket-science-follow-these-4-tips-to-get-exemplary-results